25.9.07

De Toq Review Set 1

De Toqueville ch1,2
Consider the following in today’s reading:

What is the role of inheritance in American Democracy according to de Toqueville?

What is the relationship, for de Toqueville, between economic meritocracy and political equality as a precondition for true democracy?

What is the need/role of universal education in a democracy?

Where, in the text, does de Toqueville show his concern with balancing equality and liberty?


Why does de Toqueville think local communities are so important to democracy? How do they promote stability/ inoculate a society against turmoil?

What is the effect of participation in local governments for the people? How does this involvement allow for liberty without undermining equality?

Explain de Toqueville’s understanding of the relationship between state or federal law/mandates and local/municipal governments.

Explain what de Toqueville thinks of American central/decentralization of government.

On page 63, is de Toqueville talking about government transparence? Why?

What does de Toqueville think is distinctive about the American Federal constitution?

What are manners to de Toqueville? What is their function in a democracy?

20.9.07

Deviance Review set 3.1 1984 book 2

Book Two, Chapter 1
How does Winston react to the note from Julia before he reads it? How does Winston react to the note after he reads it? How do they manage to meet? Describe the "parade" in Victory Square. Why does the Inner Party provide the spectacle for the proles? For the Outer Party members?
Book Two, Chapter 2
Why is Winston ill at ease once he is alone with Julia? What does Julia bring with her that she has obtained on the black market? What is Julia’s philosophy? (More about his in chapter 3) What familiar sign does Winston find? What is the significance of the thrush music? What does Winston mean when he says that he loves Julia all the more because she has had scores of sexual encounters?
Book Two, Chapter 3
How and where do Julia and Winston meet? What is Julia’s job? What is her background? What is her attitude toward the Inner Party? Describe Winston’s marriage. What do Winston and Julia disagree about?
Book Two, Chapter 4
How does Winston react to the singing prole woman? What pleasures of the senses are mentioned in this chapter? What is Orwell’s point in mentioning them? What is Winston’s reaction to rats? Julia’s reaction? Winston is interested in the church bells that once played in the city even though he is not religious. What do church bells mean to him? Winston sees the coral paper weight as a symbol of what?
Book Two, Chapter 5-6
Who has vanished? Describe the preparations for Hate Week. In what ways does the Inner Party excel in building spirit? Julia and Winston have some differences. Explain them. What finally convinces Winston that O’Brien is a member of the Brotherhood?
Book Two, Chapter 7
What does Winston remember about his family and his relationship with his mother? What does Winston realize about love and loyalty as a result of his dream? What is the difference between confession and betrayal?
Book Two, Chapter 8—9 (through p. 151)
Contrast the living quarters and style of the Inner Party members with those of the Outer Party members and proles. How does O’Brien test Julia and Winston? What information does O’Brien give them about the Brotherhood? How will O’Brien get The Book to Winston? What are the ways in which the Inner Party builds spirit during Hate Week?
Book Two, Chapter 9, The Book (p. 151-164)
Why does Orwell include detailed passages from Goldstein’s Book in 1984? Notice that Orwell repeats the first paragraph of The Book on p. 152 and p. 166. Why would Orwell repeat himself in that way? What is the purpose? What three classes of people have always existed? (p. 152) In What ways have these three classes changed? (p. 152)
What is the purpose of war in the world of 1984? What are the two aims of the Party? What are the two problems with which the Party is concerned? Why do all three superpowers forbit their citizens from associating with foreigners? The governments of the three superpowers are alike in essence even though their forms of government have different names. Identify these similarities and explain why they exist?
What is the real "war" (p. 164) fought in each of the three governments? Your answer will explain the party slogan, "War is Peace." What are the aims of the three groups? (p. 166-167) What changes in the pattern occurred in the nineteenth century? How did socialism change in the twentieth century?
Why are the rulers in the twentieth century better at maintaining power than earlier tyrants? What are the four ways an elite group falls from power? (p. 170-171) How does the Inner Party make certain it will not fall from power? (p. 171-172)
How is a person’s class determined in the 1984 world? What is doublethink and what is its purpose to the ruling class? Why is the mutability of the past important to the ruling class? Why will this ruling class live on while earlier tyrants fell?
Book Two, Chapter 10
What understanding does Winston gain about the common people? What is the significance of the glass paperweight here?

18.9.07

Theory Review Set 3

We are doing something a little different in class today. Come readdy to dive into the reading as usual. You will be generating your own questions however.

Deviance Review Set 3 The classical perspective

1. Explain the relevance of the two quotes on p.61
2. What do you make of the “way” of controlling deviance in the Netherlands? Pfohl alleges that is is less different than the way the Captain handles the control of deviance in his home state than might appear at first look. How can this be?
3. Explain how the demographic, political, economic, religious and intellectual changes of the period led to the transition from demonic to classical explanations of and attempts to control deviance. Make a chart, it will help.
4. Assumptions of the classical perspective:
a. naturalness of the “social contract”
b. rational rule of the state through law
c. free will
d. calculated rationality
Explain them.

5. Baccaria could be said to be the thinker behind what is commonly referred to today as “the rule of law” when we are talking about the stability of developing nations. Explain.
6. Baccaria’s contributions of the classical perspective:
a. Separation of Law and Guilt
b. Hedonistic Psychology
c. political arithmetic
d. deterrence
e. control of acts not actors

6. What is the guiding basis on which the State should devise the laws in the classical perspective?
7. Why is the french penal code of 1791 important?
8. Explain the neoclassical modifications. Premeditation; mitigating circumstances; insanity
9. Classical theorizing about deviance was focused on making good laws and devising effective enforcements of the laws so as to control deviance not deviants. Yet the classical perspective ultimately led to the state centralization of and reliance on imprisonment as its primary for of control. Controlling the deviants to control the deviance as it were. Once centralized imprisonment became the preferred and primary form of rational punishment, control of deviance by controlling deviants began to evolve into treating deviants. explain.
10. Specific deterrence; general deterrence; certainty; severity; tipping point; overload hypothesis. Explain
11. What are Pfohl’s reservations about deterrence and do you agree with him? explain.
12. Explain how the rationality of the classical perspective is unjust in its application in real life according to Pfohl.

13.9.07

Theory Review Set 3

IDST Ch 4 Perfectibility through Education: Rousseau’s Emile---and Sophy
1. Who do you think Rousseau is talking to about their child rearing practices?
2. What do you make of Rousseau’s explanation of how he would raise Emile if given the duty to do so?
3.pg. 33 what do you make of Emile’s recognition of the role of fate? How might we think of this fate sociologically?
4.What is to be the understanding of religion for Emile? What do you make of this?
5. What are the gender differences according to Rousseau? What do you make of these assertions of difference?
6. What is Rousseau’s overall point about the nature of human society by writing this extensive account of how he would raise a child?
IDST Ch 5 Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)
1. Explain Burke’s principles of natural subordination.
2. Explain how the Vindication of the Rights of Women is both built on and a critique of the enlightenment philosophies.
IDST Ch 6 The Romantic-Conservative Reaction
1. What was the turn in philosophic focus in the 19th century? What is meant by romantic and conservative in this context?
2. Explain Locke’s empiricism.
3. Explain Kant’s “a prioris”.
4. How is the interpretive mind different from the tabula rasa? How is it similar?
5. Enlightenment = only empiricist science can lead to true knowledge about the nature and potential of society and man because the mind is only the sum of its experiences; Romanticism = intuition, faith can also lead to knowledge about the nature of society and man because the mind is more than the sum of its experiences. The mind interprets. Explain.
6. Explain Burke’s “organic” conception of society and how it lead to his assertion that gradual reform was much preferable to sudden revolutionary change.
7. Explain why and how Burke believes that rights are not inherent of natural.

10.9.07

Deviance Review Set 2.1 pp19-55

Chapter 2
Why begin a historical consideration of explanations of deviance with a demonic explanation in today’s secular world?
What is the demonic perspective? What are the two roads to demonic deviance?
What are cosmic consequences?
What do you make of the “tests of guilt” in demonic deviance? Do we continue any of these today? What forms of bodily assault do we utilize today to prove a person worthy?
What five types of evidence were utilized in the salem witch trials? What do you make of spectral evidence?
What was the Lateran Council of 1215? What important transformations is the view of deviance came form the Council?
How was the investigation of and punishment of demonic deviance illustrative of the assertion that control of deviance is control of society? Were the acts of enforcement about controlling the accused or controlling to onlookers or both?
Explain the importance of symbolism in controlling demonic deviance.
What is an acephalous group and how is deviance managed in one?
How was outlawry related to community control of deviance?
Explain the phallocentric/ heterosexist/ patriarchal consequences of demonic deviance for women.
“After acephalous society, control of deviance is preservation of power.” explain.
Lilith Fair? Explain the symbolism.
Your examples of conservative and progressive uses of demonic deviance today?
The role of demonic deviance in the debate over gay marriage. Policy based on demonic deviance or science?
Wayward Puritans?
What can the demonic perspective teach us about the modern world?

Theory Review Set 2

IDST Ch 2 Montesquieu (1689-1755)
Explain how Vico is a transitional figure between medieval thinking and modern thinking.
What is meant by “seeking laws” of society?
What is an “ideal-type”? How does the discovery of type lead to the ability to discern the forces that lead to such a type?
Montesquieu claimed that sociocultural variables determine forms of government, laws, and other institutions. Explain.
What is the source of human freedom for Montesquieu?
What is the nature of human nature according to Montesquieu?
What did Montesquieu mean by “spirit”?
What was Montesquieu’s contribution to what later would be know as the sociology of knowledge?
Explain Montesquieu’s classification of societies and his conception of laws?
IDST Ch 3 Rousseau (1712-1778)
Explain Rousseau’s notion of man in a state of nature?
Explain the difference between Rousseau’s state of nature and Hobbes’ notion of natural man depicted in his Leviathan?
What is the source of The State and War according to Rousseau?
What is the “general will”? How does Rousseau’s social contract differ from Hobbes’?
How is Rousseau’s contribution seen as a forerunner of sociology?

Deviance Review Set 2.0 1984 Book 1

Book One, Chapters 1-2
What bothers Winston? What is wrong with his society?
What are the three slogans of the Inner Party?
What are the four ministries? What items are written in italics?
How does the Two Minute Hate work? What happens to Winston during the chant?
During the film (p. 11), how did the audience react?
What is "thoughtcrime"? What are the Thought Police?
Who are the Parsons and what do they represent?
How do the Parsons’ children behave? What is Winston's dream about O’Brien?
What is announced on the news? (p. 25)
Book One, Chapters 3-4
What is Winston’s dream about his mother? How does he feel about himself in that dream?
What is his dream about the "Golden Country"?
What does he remember about the big events of the past? Bombs? Past Wars?
Explain the Party slogan, "Who controls the past controls the future; who controls the present controls the past."
What does he know about the legends concerning Big Brother?
Describe Winston’s job. How is the past controlled?
What special literature, music, and entertainment is produced for the proletariat (proles)?
How does Winston feel about his work? What sort of "creativity" is involved?
What is the significance of Comrade Ogilvy?
Book One, Chapters 5-7
What is the problem with obtaining razor blades?
What is revealed about Inner Party philosophy in the discussion between Winston and Syme?
Why does Winston feel that Syme will be vaporized?
Parsons brags about his children for doing what?
What is the significance of the telescreen announcement? (p. 51)
What are Winston’s feelings about the present time after he hears the cheerful announcement on the telescreen?
Winston predicts that certain people will be vaporized and that certain people will never be vaporized. Who? Why?
What is the purpose of marriage in the state?
What do Winston’s memories about visiting a prostitute reveal about his attitudes towards sex in Oceania?
How does Winston view the proles? How are the proles controlled (prole control)?
What lies/half-truths does the Party teach about history?
Winston suspects that the Party lies about progress made since the war. What Party claims does he doubt?
What is the story of Aaronson, Jones and Rutherford? Why is this story so meaningful for Winston?
What is Winston’s unanswered question?
Book One, Chapter 8
Why does Winston go off on his own? What activities is he missing out on?
What is life like in the proles’ end of London?
What does Winston think about after his conversation with the old man in the pub?
What does Winston discover at Mr. Charrington’s shop? What is Mr. Charrington like?
What does Winston think when he sees the dark-haired girl outside Mr. Charrington’s shop?
How does one’s own body betray a person?
Why does Winston wonder about church bells ringing in London?

Theory Review Set 1

What social forces lead to the Enlightenment? What is the significance of the Enlightenment to Social Theory?

Who were the Philosophs? What was their contribution to both the Enlightenment and to the birth of social theory?

How does truth vary in meaning from the 17th to 18th century? And what does Newton have to do with this it?

What does it mean to talk of the mind as a tabula rasa? Why was this idea radical?

Reason + observation & experimentation --> true knowledge...why is each alone insufficient?

What is meant by “negative” philosophies?

What three distinct blows did the French Revolution deliver to society history and politics?

How did Hegel’s actions lead to the development of an autonomous social theory (from philosophy)?

What role did industrial capitalism, mechanical innovation, and the development of the working class play in the development of social theory?

What does it mean to conceive of society as a set of structured fields external to the self? Why do you think this was such a radical thought on its time?

Deviance Review Set 1 pp 401-417

Explain how the vignette related by Pfohl about the reporter’s question illustrates the way sociological thinking is different than normal every-day attempts to explain human social behaviour. This is what C.Wright Mills called the sociological imagination. Explain.

What are the theoretical and practical roots of the critical perspectives in sociology? Why do these roots demand critical self reflectivity? Explain

Why are power and knowledge inherently linked for Marxist theorists?

What do we mean when we say power in the context of this text and this course? Based on what you have read thus far, can you take an educated guess at what we might mean if we said “Structural Violence”? Explain.

How is knowledge linked to power? How can it both amplify and subvert power? Explain.

What are the cognitive, moral, and bodily knowledges? What do they have to do with our exploration of deviance?

Explain the following concepts as they are used in understanding deviance:
 Historical Materiality
 Symbolic Social Controls
 Hegemonic Ritual Interactions

8.9.07

General Sociology

Welcome to General Sociology!
You have now completed one week of class. If you show up on Tuesday you must be staying in the class and taking the dare. Hopefully by now you have familarized yourself with the Blackboard pages for this class and started the Diagnostic Quiz for chapter one. Maybe you have even completed the DVD Quiz. Now you can begin to think like a sociologist. Perhaps you have begun developing your sociological imagination. Keep on reading and thinking through what it means to think sociologically.
See you in class on Tuesday.

Welcome to a new semester...or perhaps your first

Hello all!
Welcome to a new semester at Siena! I will be using this blog to communicate with all of my classes this seemster. As I have indicated in class, I will label all posts that are pertement to each class (Deviance & Social Control, Social Theory, General Sociology). I am looking forward to a productive and exciting semester of exploring with you! I hope you are finding the reading interesting and engageing this far. I'll see you all on Tuesday!

11.4.07

Final

Some of you have been asking about the final. It will be a take home final, similar to the midterm. It will be distributed in the class the last week of class and due electronically on the day and time of the scheduled final. For extra credit between now and then, I will take suggestions for essay questions from the peanut gallery of your blogs.

Back On TRACK

We have 8 classes left counting today. The reading will be as follows:

1. Power: Finish Section I
2. Power: Section II

3. Power: Section III (Class Presentation
4. Power: Section III
5. Power: Section IV

6. Power: Section VI
7. Mountains Beyond Mountains
8. Mountains Beyond Mountains


The next Blog entry will be as follows:

Your country in the news: Post a blog of 250 words describing some recent news story or collection of news stories about your country. This may be a bit challenging to find but there is news on all of your countries on the web and in the periodicals indexed in ebsco-host. Ask the library staff for help if you need it. Due Next Saturday by 4pm.